Monster infighting



In the Doom games, Heretic and Hexen, many of the enemy monsters can be tricked into fighting each other; a phenomenon which is generally called monster infighting. This can usually be accomplished by moving so that the player and two monsters are colinear. Since a monster does not have the intelligence to cease fire in the event that a fellow monster blocks his line of sight, said fellow monster will be subject to friendly fire. The damaged monster may then take the offender as its target, where combat between the two monsters will soon follow and continue until one participant either dies or is distracted by a third party's attacks. In the Doom games monsters will also retaliate when damaged indirectly by exploding barrels.

Monster infighting has become a novel aspect of Doom and its progeny. Indeed, most games do not give the enemies the ability to hurt each other, much less the ability to retaliate. Additionally, in more recent first-person shooters enemies are intelligent enough not to fire if a fellow enemy is in the way.

Monsters capable of causing infighting


Monsters that fire inaccurate, continuous firing or blast-damage weapons (zombiemen, shotgun guys, heavy weapon dudes, Wolfenstein SS officers, mancubi, arachnotrons, spiderdemons and cyberdemons) are particularly susceptible to making friendly fire on other monsters and therefore being attacked.

Any monster that fires projectiles (the previous plus imps, cacodemons, revenants, hell knights and barons of hell) can be maneuvered into doing this. Lost souls, being projectiles themselves, can damage other monsters found on their attacking path, likewise causing these to retaliate. Demons and spectres, being melee attackers only, can only initiate monster infighting by mistake if the player manages to move into their attack range, move out of the way when the monster begins to bite and somehow have another monster move into the Demon or Spectres range.

Monsters unable to cause infighting
Arch-vile attacks will never make monsters return fire, nor will monsters hurt by the associated blast damage retaliate, because there is an exception in the source code that makes arch-viles never become targets of other monsters. This does not stop arch-viles themselves from targeting and other monsters, however, although they are easy to distract, as unlike other monsters their lack of a pain threshold makes them always switch targets when hit.

Pain elementals, whose attack is carried by proxy monsters, cannot initially provoke other monsters, but can still be hurt, if they get in the way of monsters trying to hit a third party, and thus cause infighting by spewing lost souls at any monsters they target.

Hanged Commander Keens do not have an attack mode of any sort, so they can neither provoke other monsters nor retaliate when they are damaged by projectiles.

Tactics
Monster infighting is an important tactic in levels where ammunition are very scarce, such as those of Alien Vendetta, or when recording speedruns, especially in a restrictive category such as UV Tyson. Causing many monsters to destroy or seriously damage one another greatly reduces the burden on the player's resources. The easiest way to do this with a large group of mixed monsters is to run in a circle a couple of times around the group, which will almost certainly start an infighting due to stray projectiles. This is allowed by the unusually high player versus monsters speed ratio in Doom engine games that grants the player the ability to maneuver around groups of monsters with more ease than in other first person shooter games.

Difficulties


The strategy of provoking monster infighting is complicated by a few factors.

Primarily, monsters of any species are immune to their kind's projectile attack. Hell knights and barons of hell are of a single species in this sense, and cannot hurt one another with their green fireballs (except indirectly by destroying a barrel which hurts the other of their kind). Although a given species of monster is immune to its own type of attack, they still employ it with its customary frequency while targeting one another. The immunity also means that those individuals from the same species cannot actually inflict damage no matter how many times they attack each other except by destroying additional barrels or if they get close enough to each other to use a non-projectile attack, like claws or a bite. Arch-viles are subject to blast damage from the attacks of other arch-viles, but do not retaliate because they cannot be targeted by any monster.

Additional factors that lessen monster infighting have to do with some characteristics of the Doom engine's monster AI. Monsters resurrected by arch-viles or spawned by the final boss immediately target the player, not their creator's target. In addition, lost souls damaged by other monsters forget their targets after a single counterattack (whether successful or not) and then turn back to the player, although the monster that the lost soul had damaged does not forget the flaming skull's offense. Certain source ports include various AI options, and allow the user to decide how monsters should behave in respect to monster infighting.

Monster infighting in Doom 3
Monster infighting can occur in Doom 3 as well. It does not happen very often though, because of the significantly smaller monster numbers and due to the lack of room where the player could lure the monsters into each other's line of fire. Infighting in Doom 3 is further complicated by the monsters following a certain hierarchy. For example, an imp will not attack a hell knight because of the hell knight's higher "rank". Similarly, a zombie will not attack a Z-Sec.

Mass infighting in Heretic
Raven Software added a feature to Heretic which causes all monsters within sight of the player to begin attacking randomly chosen targets when the player dies in a single-player game. Monsters will fight with any living thing within their sight when this happens, including members of their own species and normally ignored creatures such as bosses. However bad guys of the same types remain unable to hurt each other even in this case.